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When you compile your code, an executable file is produced (the .exe spoken of above). This is what runs when you run your "code" - some IDEs have the capability of showing the output of console programs in a subwindow, but it's still that excecutable that's running.
So somewhere in your project directory (often in a debug subdir), you'll have a file called foo.exe file, where foo is (usually) the name of your project. This executable is a standalone program that you can run without the IDE, distribute, or do whatever you want with.
Although we often speak of "running code" or something along those lines, we're really talking about running the executable produced from said code. Code in C/C++ is nothing more than a plain text file(s), and until it's compiled and linked to produce an executable, it does nothing.
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