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Making the first letter of a string uppercase

 
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Making the first letter of a string uppercase
magicfrog
post 23 Feb, 2008 - 07:22 PM
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i am currently working on a program and I have a string variable into which a person's name is read into. is there a C++ function that lets you capitalize the first letter in a string? I just need something simple, everything i have seen for this says you need to write your own function to do it. but alas my code is convulated enough as it is.

it is not a requirement for the program, but it would make it look better. any help would on is would be appreciated.
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no2pencil
post 23 Feb, 2008 - 08:59 PM
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QUOTE(magicfrog @ 23 Feb, 2008 - 08:22 PM) *

is there a C++ function that lets you capitalize the first letter in a string?

Try reading the string into an array, & then issue toUpper on only the 1st element of the array.

That would be my solution.
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PsychoCoder
post 23 Feb, 2008 - 09:16 PM
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As no2 stated, the toUpper function on the first character in an array is probably the best approach. Be careful though, some implementations will actually use the Length() method, then loop through that, but this can be inefficient at times, so it may be best to use an iterator instead, something like this


cpp

#include <cctype>
#include <iostream>

string Capitalize(string str)
{
	string::iterator it(str.begin());

	if (it != str.end())
		str[0] = toupper((unsigned char)str[0]);

	while(++it != str.end())
	{
		*it = tolower((unsigned char)*it);
	}
	return str;
}


Remember that toupper and tolower want their parameter converted to an unsigned char, which is why I'm converting it. That should give you a good start, happy coding smile.gif
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Sn0wm4n
post 8 Jul, 2008 - 09:12 AM
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I know that you probably don't need this anymore but I made a header file to do that. I made a header file like this and put it into the folder of my program where all of the other header files are like iostream and cstdlib. I then just put #include <Casechange.h> (name of the file) and then I could use the function, caseup and casedown with something like caseup(anygivenword[1]) or casedown(anygivenword[0].

CODE
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>

using namespace std;

char caseup(char entry) {
    if (entry == 'a') {
       entry = 'A';
             }
    if (entry == 'b') {
       entry = 'B';
             }
    if (entry == 'c') {
       entry = 'C';
             }
    if (entry == 'd') {
       entry = 'D';
             }
    if (entry == 'e') {
       entry = 'E';
             }
    if (entry == 'f') {
       entry = 'F';
             }
    if (entry == 'g') {
       entry = 'G';
             }
    if (entry == 'h') {
       entry = 'H';
             }
    if (entry == 'i') {
       entry = 'I';
             }
    if (entry == 'j') {
       entry = 'J';
             }
    if (entry == 'k') {
       entry = 'K';
             }
    if (entry == 'l') {
       entry = 'L';
             }
    if (entry == 'm') {
       entry = 'M';
             }
    if (entry == 'n') {
       entry = 'N';
             }
    if (entry == 'o') {
       entry = 'O';
             }
    if (entry == 'p') {
       entry = 'P';
             }
    if (entry == 'q') {
       entry = 'Q';
             }
    if (entry == 'r') {
       entry = 'R';
             }
    if (entry == 's') {
       entry = 'S';
             }
    if (entry == 't') {
       entry = 'T';
             }
    if (entry == 'u') {
       entry = 'U';
             }
    if (entry == 'v') {
       entry = 'V';
             }
    if (entry == 'w') {
       entry = 'W';
             }
    if (entry == 'x') {
       entry = 'X';
             }
    if (entry == 'y') {
       entry = 'Y';
             }
    if (entry == 'z') {
       entry = 'Z';
             }
    return entry;
}

char casedown(char entry) {
    if (entry == 'A') {
       entry = 'a';
             }
    if (entry == 'B') {
       entry = 'b';
             }
    if (entry == 'C') {
       entry = 'c';
             }
    if (entry == 'D') {
       entry = 'd';
             }
    if (entry == 'E') {
       entry = 'e';
             }
    if (entry == 'F') {
       entry = 'f';
             }
    if (entry == 'G') {
       entry = 'g';
             }
    if (entry == 'H') {
       entry = 'h';
             }
    if (entry == 'I') {
       entry = 'i';
             }
    if (entry == 'J') {
       entry = 'j';
             }
    if (entry == 'K') {
       entry = 'k';
             }
    if (entry == 'L') {
       entry = 'l';
             }
    if (entry == 'M') {
       entry = 'm';
             }
    if (entry == 'N') {
       entry = 'n';
             }
    if (entry == 'O') {
       entry = 'o';
             }
    if (entry == 'P') {
       entry = 'p';
             }
    if (entry == 'Q') {
       entry = 'q';
             }
    if (entry == 'R') {
       entry = 'r';
             }
    if (entry == 'S') {
       entry = 's';
             }
    if (entry == 'T') {
       entry = 't';
             }
    if (entry == 'U') {
       entry = 'u';
             }
    if (entry == 'V') {
       entry = 'v';
             }
    if (entry == 'W') {
       entry = 'w';
             }
    if (entry == 'X') {
       entry = 'x';
             }
    if (entry == 'Y') {
       entry = 'y';
             }
    if (entry == 'Z') {
       entry = 'z';
             }
    return entry;
}



This post has been edited by Sn0wm4n: 8 Jul, 2008 - 12:53 PM
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polymath
post 8 Jul, 2008 - 09:34 AM
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KISS:

cpp

#include <string>
//two overloads
void Cap(string& str) {
   if (str.at(0)>=97 && str.at(0)<=122) str[0]=str.at(0)-32;
}

string Cap(string str) {
   if (str.at(0)>=97 && str.at(0)<=122) str[0]=str.at(0)-32;
   return (str);
}


I'm not that good with pointers, i think in the first overload i have to dereference str in str.at() and str[0]

Anyway, just another way to look at things
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Cerolobo
post 8 Jul, 2008 - 09:35 AM
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Actually, you can implement the above code in a much more effiecent and simplifed way.

First, take a look at the ASCII Table.

CODE
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>

using namespace std;

char caseup(char entry) {
    if(entry >= 'a' && entry <= 'z')
        entry -= 'a' - 'A';
    return entry;
}

char casedown(char entry) {
    if(entry >= 'A' && entry <= 'Z')
        entry += 'a' - 'A';
    return entry;
}


That's basically how toupper() and tolower() works. As for the if statment you posted, the checks you did aren't useful, since you actually do that check in caseup() and casedown().
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polymath
post 8 Jul, 2008 - 11:33 AM
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QUOTE(Cerolobo @ 8 Jul, 2008 - 01:35 PM) *

Actually, you can implement the above code in a much more effiecent and simplifed way.

First, take a look at the ASCII Table.

CODE
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>

using namespace std;

char caseup(char entry) {
    if(entry >= 'a' && entry <= 'z')
        entry -= 'a' - 'A';
    return entry;
}

char casedown(char entry) {
    if(entry >= 'A' && entry <= 'Z')
        entry += 'a' - 'A';
    return entry;
}


That's basically how toupper() and tolower() works. As for the if statment you posted, the checks you did aren't useful, since you actually do that check in caseup() and casedown().

Even better. Ignore what i said smile.gif
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